Kayan gini sune mahimman abubuwan gini, tantance halaye, salo, da tasirin ginin. Kayayyakin gine-gine na gargajiya sun hada da dutse, itace, tubalin yumbu, lemun tsami, da gypsum, yayin da kayan gini na zamani suka kunshi karfe, siminti, siminti, gilashi, da robobi. Kowannen su yana da siffofi na musamman kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gini.
Kayan gini na gargajiya
1. Dutse
Dutse na ɗaya daga cikin kayan gini na gargajiya na farko da aka yi amfani da su a tarihin ɗan adam. Yana fasalin tanadi mai yawa, rarrabawar tartsatsi, kyakkyawan tsari, babban ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, juriya mai kyau na ruwa, karko, da ingantaccen juriya. Yammacin Turai ya taɓa yin aiki da dutse a cikin gine-gine, tare da manyan misalan da suka haɗa da ƙaƙƙarfan Fadar Versailles a Faransa da Gidan Majalisar Burtaniya. Bugu da ƙari, an gina dala na Masar ta amfani da ainihin sassaken manyan tubalan dutse. Gine-ginen dutse yana ɗauke da aura na girma, girma, da girma. Duk da haka, saboda yawan nauyinsa da nauyinsa, gine-ginen dutse yakan kasance suna da bango mai kauri, wanda ke rage girman filin ginin. Duk da haka, ana iya amfani da shi azaman alamar alatu a cikin manyan gine-gine, ƙirƙirar tasirin fasaha na musamman.
2. Itace
Itace, azaman kayan gini na al'ada, yana da halaye kamar nauyi, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, jan hankali, kyakkyawan aiki, sabuntawa, sake yin amfani da su, da kasancewa abokantaka na muhalli ba tare da gurɓatacce ba. Saboda haka, gine-ginen katako suna nuna kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali da juriya na girgizar ƙasa. Duk da haka, itacen da ake amfani da shi a cikin gine-gine kuma yana da matsala. Yana da saurin lalacewa, tsagewa, haɓakar mold, da kamuwa da kwari. Bugu da ƙari, yana da saukin kamuwa da wuta, wanda zai iya rinjayar ingancinsa da ƙarfinsa.
Itace ta kasance kayan gini maras lokaci saboda ƙwararrun kayan aikinta kuma ana amfani da ita sosai wajen ayyukan gini tun zamanin da. Wasu gine-gine kamar sassa na Haikalin Nanchan da Haikalin Foguang da ke Dutsen Wutai na kasar Sin suna zama wakilan gine-gine na yau da kullun. Waɗannan gine-ginen suna da tausasawa, gangara maras sabani, faffadan lallausan lauyoyi, fitattun maƙallan katako, da salo mai sauƙi da sauƙi.
A cikin ayyukan injiniyan farar hula na zamani, abubuwa kamar katako, ginshiƙai, tallafi, kofofi, tagogi, har ma da gyare-gyare na kankare sun dogara da itace. A matsayin kayan gini na numfashi, itace yana ba da dumi a cikin hunturu da sanyi a lokacin rani, don haka samar da yanayin rayuwa mafi dacewa ga mutane.
Nanchan Temple, China
3. Tulin yumbu
Tubalin yumbu nau'in kayan gini ne na ɗan adam. Na dogon lokaci, tubalin yumbu na kowa ya kasance babban kayan bango don gina gidaje a kasar Sin. Bulogin yumbu suna da alaƙa da ƙananan girmansu, nauyi mai sauƙi, sauƙin gini, tsari da tsari na yau da kullun, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi, iyawar rufi da kiyayewa, da kuma kayan ado na facade. Yin amfani da su a cikin gine-gine ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da wuraren zama ga mutane. Birnin da aka haramta shi ne wakilcin gine-gine na yau da kullum wanda ke amfani da tubalin yumbu. Tubalin yumbu mai siffa na yau da kullun da ake amfani da su don facade na waje suna ba da gudummawa ga tasirin fasaha mai ban sha'awa na birnin Haram. Duk da haka, albarkatun da ake amfani da su don tubalin yumbu yumbu ne na halitta, kuma samar da su ya ƙunshi sadaukar da ƙasar noma. A hankali, an maye gurbinsu da wasu kayan. Duk da haka, matsayinsu a tarihin gine-ginen ɗan adam ba zai taɓa gogewa ba.
4. Lemun tsami
Lemun tsami, a matsayin kayan gini na al'ada, an san shi da ƙarfin filastik mai ƙarfi, jinkirin tsarin aiki mai wuyar gaske, ƙananan ƙarfi bayan ƙarfafawa, da ƙananan ƙarar ƙararrawa yayin hardening. Dubun-dubatar tarihinta na shaida amincewar ’yan Adam da dogaro da wannan abu. Lemun tsami ya kasance muhimmin kayan gini, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a ayyukan gine-gine da masana'antu daban-daban, kamar filasta na ciki, hada turmi da gyale, da kuma shirya tubalin adobe da laka.
Hakazalika, gypsum, wani tsohon kayan gini na gargajiya, yana alfahari da albarkatun ƙasa masu yawa, tsarin samarwa mai sauƙi, ƙarancin samar da makamashi, ƙarancin ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi, araha, da kuma abokantaka na muhalli. Ya dace musamman don ɓangarori na ciki na gine-gine na zamani, kayan ado, da ayyukan gamawa. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da shi da farko don yin gypsum plaster da kayan gypsum.
Kayan gini na zamani
5. Karfe
Karfe yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin gine-ginen zamani azaman kayan gini. Karfe yana da kyawawan halaye kamar nauyi mai nauyi amma babban ƙarfi, filastik mai kyau da tauri, aminci da aminci, babban matakin masana'antu, saurin gini, saurin tarwatsawa, kyawawan kaddarorin rufewa, da juriya mai zafi. Wadannan halaye masu mahimmanci sun sa ya zama mahimmanci a cikin gine-gine na zamani, da farko ana amfani da su a cikin manyan gine-gine na karfe kamar filayen jiragen sama da filin wasa, manyan gine-ginen gine-ginen karfe ciki har da otal-otal da gine-ginen ofisoshi, gine-gine masu girma kamar talabijin da hasumiya na sadarwa, farantin harsashi na karfe kamar babban mai. tankunan ajiya da tankunan gas, tsarin masana'antar masana'anta, tsarin ƙarfe mara nauyi kamar ƙananan ɗakunan ajiya, tsarin ƙarfe na gada, da tsarin ƙarfe don abubuwan motsi kamar lif da cranes.
6. Siminti
Siminti, a matsayin kayan gini na zamani, yana samun aikace-aikace masu yawa a masana'antu, noma, albarkatun ruwa, sufuri, haɓaka birane, tashar ruwa, da ginin tsaro. A zamanin yau, ya zama kayan gini da ba makawa ga kowane aikin gini. Siminti wani abu ne wanda ba a haɗa shi da foda wanda idan aka haɗe shi da ruwa, yana samar da ruwa da manna mai lalacewa. A tsawon lokaci, wannan man siminti yana fuskantar sauye-sauye na zahiri da sinadarai, yana canzawa daga manna mai lalacewa zuwa wani tauri mai ƙarfi tare da wani matakin ƙarfi. Hakanan yana iya haɗa ɗimbin ɗimbin yawa ko kayan granular don ƙirƙirar tsari ɗaya. Siminti ba kawai yana taurare ba kuma yana samun ƙarfi lokacin da aka fallasa shi a cikin iska amma kuma yana iya taurare a cikin ruwa, kiyayewa har ma inganta ƙarfinsa. Ana amfani da siminti sosai a cikin ayyukan gine-gine, tare da aikace-aikacen da yawa a aikin injiniyan farar hula, kayan aikin mai da iskar gas, gina madatsar ruwa, ginin gine-gine, gina titina, da ƙari.
7. Kankare
Kankare, a matsayin kayan gini na zamani, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a ayyukan gine-gine na zamani. Kankare kayan gini ne da aka samar ta hanyar haɗa abubuwa masu ɗaure kamar yumbu, lemun tsami, gypsum, ash mai aman wuta, ko kwalta ta halitta tare da tari kamar yashi, slag, da dakakken dutse. Yana alfahari da kyawawan kaddarorin, gami da haɗin kai mai ƙarfi, karko, da juriya na ruwa. Duk da haka, ana ɗaukar siminti a matsayin abu mai gatsewa tare da ƙarfin matsawa mai ƙarfi amma ƙarancin ƙarfi sosai, yana mai da hankali ga fashewa.
Tare da samar da siminti da karafa, an gano cewa hada wadannan kayayyakin na samar da mafi kyawu a alaka da juna da kuma ba su damar daidaita raunin juna tare da yin amfani da karfinsu. Ta hanyar haɗa ƙarfin ƙarfe a cikin siminti, ba wai kawai yana kare ƙarfe daga faɗuwar yanayi ba, yana hana lalata amma kuma yana haɓaka ƙarfin juzu'i na tsarin. Wannan ya haifar da haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan aikace-aikacen siminti a cikin gini.
Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin bulo da dutse na al'ada, tsarin itace, da tsarin karfe, simintin siminti sun sami ci gaba cikin sauri kuma sun zama kayan aikin farko na injiniyan farar hula. Haka kuma, siminti masu inganci da sabbin nau'ikan siminti na ci gaba da bunƙasa a fagen gine-gine.
8. Gilashin
Bugu da ƙari, gilashin da robobi, a matsayin kayan gini na zamani, ana ci gaba da amfani da su a ayyukan gine-gine na zamani. Gilashin na iya biyan buƙatun hasken rana, kayan ado, da ƙirar facade, daidaitawa da buƙatun ƙarfin kuzari na gine-ginen zamani. Gilashin yana samun aikace-aikace a kusan dukkanin bangarorin ginin saboda nau'ikansa daban-daban, kamar gilashin zafin jiki, gilashin mai zafin jiki, gilashin da aka keɓe, gilashin lanƙwasa, gilashin tinted, gilashin mai rufi, gilashin ƙira, gilashin da ke jure wuta, gilashin vacuum, da ƙari. .
Shanghai-Poly-Grand-Theater
9. Filastik
Filastik wani nau'i ne na kayan gini da ke fitowa wanda, saboda kyakkyawan aikin sa, aikace-aikacen da yawa, da kuma kyakkyawan fata, ana la'akari da babban nau'i na hudu na kayan gini bayan karfe, siminti, da itace a ginin zamani. Filastik yana da faffadan aikace-aikace, daga saman rufin gida zuwa saman ƙasa, da kuma wuraren jama'a na waje zuwa kayan ado na ciki. A halin yanzu, mafi yawan aikace-aikacen filastik a cikin gine-gine sune na ruwa da bututun ruwa, bututun watsa gas, da kofofin PVC da tagogi, sai kuma wayoyi da igiyoyi.
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idodin robobi shine babban ƙarfinsu na ceton makamashi, tare da samarwa da amfani da samfuran filastik suna da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan gini. A sakamakon haka, a yanzu ana amfani da robobi sosai wajen yin rufin rufi, bango, da kuma gine-gine daban-daban. Filin robobi na gine-gine yana ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa ayyuka mafi girma, ingantattun ayyuka, haɓakawa, da ingancin farashi.
10. Silicone sealant
Silicone sealant wani abu ne mai kama da manna wanda aka samar ta hanyar hada polydimethylsiloxane azaman babban albarkatun ƙasa tare da ma'aikatan haɗin gwiwa, masu filaye, masu yin filastik, masu haɗa haɗin gwiwa, da masu haɓakawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin injin. A cikin zafin jiki, yana warkarwa kuma yana samar da robar silicone na roba ta hanyar amsawa tare da danshi a cikin iska. Ana amfani da shi don haɗawa da rufe nau'ikan gilashin da sauran abubuwan da ake amfani da su. A halin yanzu, Eolya yana ba da ma'auni na multifunctional, ciki har da gilashin gilashin, mai jure yanayin yanayi, mai jure wuta, shingen dutse, shingen haɗin gwiwa na karfe, mai jurewa mold, kayan haɗin gwiwa na ado, da gilashin gilashin gilashi, da sauransu, ana samun su a cikin nau'i-nau'i da yawa da sauransu. ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
11. Kumfa polyurethane (PU Foam)
A matsayin sabon nau'in kayan gini, kumfa polyurethane ya sami kulawa sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. An haɗa shi daga monomers kamar isocyanates da polyols ta hanyar amsawar polymerization, tare da samar da iskar carbon dioxide wanda ke aiki azaman wakili mai kumfa. Wannan halayen yana haifar da kumfa mai tsaftataccen tsari. An rarraba kumfa na polyurethane da farko zuwa cikin kumfa polyurethane mai tsauri, kumfa polyurethane mai sassauƙa, da kumfa polyurethane mai ƙarfi. Ba kamar tsarin rufaffiyar tantanin halitta na kumfa polyurethane mai ƙarfi ba, kumfa polyurethane mai sassauƙa yana da tsarin buɗaɗɗen tantanin halitta, wanda ke da nauyin nauyi, numfashi, da kuma juriya mai kyau. Semi-m polyurethane kumfa shine nau'in kumfa mai buɗewa tare da taurin tsakanin kumfa mai laushi da tauri, kuma yana da ƙimar nauyin matsawa mafi girma. M polyurethane kumfa, wani sabon abu na roba tare da rufi da ayyuka na ruwa, yana da ƙananan ƙarancin zafi da ƙananan yawa, don haka sau da yawa ana amfani da shi azaman rufi da kayan shinge na thermal a cikin ginin.
Idan aka kwatanta da kayan gine-gine na gargajiya, kumfa polyurethane yana da fa'idodi masu kyau a fannoni daban-daban, gami da kyakkyawan aikin rufewa, juriyar wuta mai ƙarfi, juriya mai ƙarfi na ruwa, da kaddarorin injiniyoyi masu tsayayye. Ana iya amfani da shi a kan wurin ta hanyar simintin gyare-gyare ko fesa don samar da rufin rufi mai ci gaba, kuma ya samo aikace-aikace masu yawa a cikin ginin waje, rufi, benaye, kofofi, tagogi, da dumama hanyoyin sadarwa na bututun.
Idan aka kwatanta da kayan gini na gargajiya da na zamani, saboda ci gaban fasaha da buƙatun gine-gine, kayan gini na zamani suna ba da fa'ida fiye da na gargajiya. Sakamakon haka, sun ɗauki matsayi mafi girma a cikin gine-gine na zamani, yayin da ake amfani da kayan gini na gargajiya a matsayin ƙarin aiki. Kayayyakin gine-gine na zamani irin su karfe, siminti, siminti, gilashi, da kuma abubuwan da aka haɗa sun karya ƙayyadaddun tsari da girman da kayan gargajiya suka ƙulla kamar dutse, itace, tubalin yumbu, da gypsum lemun tsami. Sun sauƙaƙa haɓaka haɓakar gine-gine masu tsayi, mai zurfi da kuma biyan buƙatun gine-ginen birane, daidai da yanayin kiyaye muhalli da kiyaye makamashi a cikin al'ummar zamani.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-31-2023
