A'a wannan ba zai zama mai ban sha'awa ba, gaskiya-musamman idan kuna son abubuwan roba mai shimfiɗa. Idan kun ci gaba, za ku gano kusan duk abin da kuka taɓa son sani game da Sealants Silicone Sealants Part 1.
1) Menene su
2) Yadda ake yin su
3) Inda za a yi amfani da su
Gabatarwa
Menene silin siliki mai kashi ɗaya?
Akwai nau'ikan sinadarai masu warkarwa da yawa-Silicone, Polyurethane da Polysulfide sune sanannun sanannun. Sunan ya fito ne daga kashin bayan kwayoyin da ke ciki.
Kashin baya na silicone shine:
Si - O - Si - O - Si
Silicone da aka gyara sabuwar fasaha ce (a Amurka aƙalla) kuma a haƙiƙa tana nufin ƙashin bayan halitta wanda aka warkar da silane chemistry. Misali shi ne alkoksysilane ya ƙare polypropylene oxide.
Duk waɗannan sinadarai na iya zama ko kashi ɗaya ko biyu wanda a bayyane yake yana da alaƙa da adadin sassan da kuke buƙatar samun abin da za a warke. Don haka, sashi ɗaya kawai yana nufin buɗe bututu, harsashi ko pail kuma kayan ku zasu warke. A al'ada, waɗannan tsarin sashi ɗaya suna amsawa tare da danshi a cikin iska don zama roba.
Don haka, siliki mai kashi ɗaya tsarin tsarin ne wanda ke dawwama a cikin bututu har sai lokacin da aka fallasa iska, ya warke don samar da robar silicone.
Amfani
Wani ɓangare na silicones suna da fa'idodi na musamman.
-Lokacin da aka haɗa su daidai suna da kwanciyar hankali da aminci tare da kyakkyawan mannewa da kaddarorin jiki. Rayuwar shiryayye (lokacin da za ku iya barin shi a cikin bututu kafin amfani da shi) na aƙalla shekara ɗaya al'ada ce tare da wasu ƙirarru masu ɗaukar shekaru masu yawa. Silicones kuma babu shakka suna da mafi kyawun aiki na dogon lokaci. Kaddarorinsu na zahiri da kyar suna canzawa tsawon lokaci ba tare da wani tasiri daga bayyanar UV ba kuma, ƙari, suna nuna kyakkyawan yanayin yanayin zafin da ya wuce na sauran masu ɗaukar hoto da aƙalla 50 ℃.
-Sashe ɗaya na silicones yana warkarwa cikin sauri, yawanci yana haɓaka fata a cikin mintuna 5 zuwa 10, yana zama kyauta a cikin sa'a ɗaya kuma yana warkewa zuwa roba mai laushi kamar 1/10 inch mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa da kwana ɗaya. A saman yana da kyakkyawan jin daɗin roba.
-Tun da za a iya sanya su a cikin translucent wanda ke da mahimmanci a cikin kansa (translucent shine launi da aka fi amfani da su), yana da sauƙi don yin launin su zuwa kowane launi.
Iyakance
Silicones suna da manyan iyakoki guda biyu.
1) Ba za a iya fentin su da ruwa tushe fenti-yana iya zama tricky tare da sauran ƙarfi tushe fenti da.
2) Bayan warkewa, mai ɗaukar hoto zai iya sakin wasu daga cikin silikinsa na filastik wanda, lokacin da ake amfani da shi a cikin haɗin ginin gine-gine, zai iya haifar da tabo mara kyau a gefen haɗin gwiwa.
Tabbas, saboda yanayin kasancewar sashe ɗaya ba zai yuwu a sami sashe mai zurfi cikin sauri ta hanyar magani ba saboda tsarin dole ne ya amsa da iskar don haka yana warkewa daga sama zuwa ƙasa. Samun ƙarin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa, ba za a iya amfani da silicones azaman hatimi kaɗai a cikin tagogin gilashin da aka keɓe ba saboda. Ko da yake suna da kyau wajen kiyaye ruwan ruwa mai yawa, tururin ruwa yana wucewa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar robar silicone da aka warke yana haifar da raka'a na IG zuwa hazo.
Yankunan Kasuwa da Amfani
Ana amfani da siliki-kashi ɗaya kawai a ko'ina kuma a ko'ina, gami da, don takaicin wasu masu ginin, inda iyakokin biyun da aka ambata a sama suna haifar da matsala.
Gine-gine da kasuwannin DIY suna lissafin babban adadin abin hawa, masana'antu, lantarki da sararin sama. Kamar yadda yake tare da duk masu rufewa, babban aikin silicones guda ɗaya shine a riko da cika rata tsakanin nau'ikan abubuwa guda biyu masu kama da juna don hana ruwa ko zayyana shiga. Wasu lokuta da kyar za a canza wani tsari sai dai a sanya shi ya zama mai ɗorewa wanda sai ya zama abin rufe fuska. Hanya mafi kyau don bambance tsakanin sutura, m da kuma abin rufewa yana da sauƙi. Sealant yana yin hatimi tsakanin filaye biyu yayin da abin rufe fuska yana rufe da kare guda ɗaya yayin da manne da yawa ke riƙe saman biyu tare. Sealant ya fi kama da mannewa idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin glazing na tsari ko glazing, duk da haka, har yanzu yana aiki don rufe abubuwan biyu ban da adana su tare.
Basic Chemistry
Silicone sealant a cikin yanayin da ba a warke ba yakan yi kama da manna mai kauri ko kirim. A kan fallasa iska, ƙungiyoyin ƙarshen ƙarshen silicone polymer hydrolyze (masu amsa da ruwa) sannan su haɗu da juna, suna sakin ruwa da ƙirƙirar sarƙoƙi na polymer mai tsayi waɗanda ke ci gaba da amsawa da juna har zuwa ƙarshe manna ya zama roba mai ban sha'awa. Ƙungiyar mai amsawa a ƙarshen polymer silicone ta fito ne daga mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren tsari (ban da polymer kanta) wato crosslinker. Crosslinker ne ke ba wa mai sigar halayensa ko dai kai tsaye kamar wari da ƙimar magani, ko a kaikaice kamar launi, mannewa, da sauransu saboda sauran albarkatun ƙasa waɗanda za a iya amfani da su tare da takamaiman tsarin ƙetare irin su filaye da masu haɓaka adhesion. . Zaɓin madaidaicin maɓalli shine mabuɗin don tantance ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin na ƙarshe na mashin.
Nau'in Magancewa
Akwai tsarin warkarwa daban-daban.
1) Acetoxy (acid vinegar wari)
2) Oxime
3) Alkoxi
4) Benzamide
5) Amin
6) Amin
Oximes, alkoxies da benzamides (wanda aka fi amfani dashi a Turai) sune abin da ake kira tsaka tsaki ko tsarin rashin acidic. Amines da tsarin aminoxy suna da warin ammonia kuma galibi ana amfani da su a cikin motoci da wuraren masana'antu ko takamaiman aikace-aikacen gini na waje.
Raw Materials
Ƙirar ta ƙunshi sassa daban-daban da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu na zaɓi ne, ya danganta da ƙarshen amfani.
Iyakar da cikakken mahimmin kayan albarkatun sune polymer mai amsawa da crosslinker. Koyaya, ana ƙara masu filaye, masu tallata mannewa, polymer marasa amsawa (plasticizing) da masu ƙara kuzari. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da wasu abubuwan da ake ƙarawa da yawa irin su pastes masu launi, fungicides, masu kare wuta, da masu daidaita zafi.
Kayayyakin asali
Tsarin gine-gine na oxime ko DIY sealant tsari zai yi kama da wani abu kamar:
| % | ||
| Polydimethylsiloxane, OH ya ƙare 50,000cps | 65.9 | Polymer |
| Polydimethylsiloxane, trimethylterminated, 1000cps | 20 | Filastik |
| Methyltrioximinosisilane | 5 | Crosslinker |
| Aminopropyltriethoxysilane | 1 | Adhesion mai gabatarwa |
| 150 sq.m/g surface area fumed silica | 8 | Filler |
| Dibutyltin dilaurate | 0.1 | Mai kara kuzari |
| Jimlar | 100 |
Abubuwan Jiki
Abubuwan dabi'un zahiri sun haɗa da:
| Tsawaitawa (%) | 550 |
| Ƙarfin Tensile (MPa) | 1.9 |
| Modulus a 100 Elongation (MPa) | 0.4 |
| Shore A Hardness | 22 |
| Fatar Kan Lokaci (minti) | 10 |
| Lokacin Kyauta (minti) | 60 |
| Lokacin Tsara (minti) | 120 |
| Ta hanyar Cure (mm a cikin awanni 24) | 2 |
Ƙididdiga ta amfani da sauran masu haɗin giciye za su yi kama da juna ƙila sun bambanta a matakin crosslinker, nau'in mai tallata mannewa da kuma masu kara kuzari. Kaddarorinsu na zahiri za su bambanta kaɗan sai dai in an haɗa masu shimfida sarƙoƙi. Ba za a iya yin wasu tsarin cikin sauƙi ba sai an yi amfani da babban adadin alli. Ba za a iya samar da waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙira a fili ko a bayyane ba.
Haɓaka Sealants
Akwai matakai 3 don haɓaka sabon sealant.
1) Tunani, samarwa da gwaji a cikin ɗakin gwaje-gwaje - ƙananan ƙananan
Anan, masanin kimiyyar dakin gwaje-gwaje yana da sabbin dabaru kuma yawanci yana farawa da bacin hannu na kusan gram 100 na sealant don ganin yadda yake warkewa da kuma irin nau'in roba da ake samarwa. Yanzu akwai sabon na'ura mai suna "The Hauschild Speed Mix" daga FlackTek Inc. Wannan na'ura ta musamman ta dace don haɗa waɗannan ƙananan batches na 100g a cikin dakika yayin fitar da iska. Wannan yana da mahimmanci tun da yake yanzu yana bawa mai haɓaka damar gwada kayan zahiri na waɗannan ƙananan batches. Za'a iya gauraya silica mai ƙura ko wasu filaye irin su haɗe-haɗe a cikin silicone a cikin kusan daƙiƙa 8. De-airing yana ɗaukar kusan 20-25 seconds. Na'urar tana aiki ta hanyar na'urar asymmetric centrifuge mai dual wanda a zahiri ke amfani da barbashi da kansu azaman nasu makamai masu haɗawa. Matsakaicin girman mahaɗin shine gram 100 kuma ana samun nau'ikan ƙoƙon daban-daban ciki har da abin zubarwa, wanda ke nufin babu tsafta.
Maɓalli a cikin tsarin ƙira ba kawai nau'ikan sinadarai bane, amma har da tsari na ƙari da lokutan haɗuwa. A zahiri keɓancewa ko cire iska yana da mahimmanci don ba da damar samfurin ya sami rairayi, tun da kumfa na iska yana ɗauke da danshi wanda hakan zai sa abin rufe fuska ya warke daga ciki.
Da zarar mai sinadari ya sami nau'in silin da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensa na musamman ya kai ma'aunin mahaɗin duniya quart 1 wanda zai iya samar da kusan 3-4 ƙananan bututun 110 ml (3oz). Wannan isasshe abu ne don gwajin rayuwar shiryayye na farko da gwajin mannewa da duk wasu buƙatu na musamman.
Sannan yana iya zuwa injin galan 1 ko 2 don samar da bututun oz 8-12 10 don ƙarin gwaji mai zurfi da samfurin abokin ciniki. Ana fitar da silinda daga tukunyar ta hanyar silinda na ƙarfe a cikin katun wanda ya dace da silinda marufi. Bayan waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, ya shirya don haɓakawa.
2) Sikeli-up da kyau daidaita-matsakaicin juzu'i
A cikin sikelin sama, ana samar da ƙirar lab a yanzu akan injin da ya fi girma yawanci a cikin kewayon 100-200kg ko game da ganga. Wannan mataki yana da manyan dalilai guda biyu
a) don ganin ko akwai wasu canje-canje masu mahimmanci tsakanin girman 4lb da wannan girman girman wanda zai iya haifar da haɗuwa da ƙimar rarrabawa, ƙimar amsawa da nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban a cikin mahaɗin, kuma
b) don samar da isassun kayan aiki don samfurin abokan ciniki masu zuwa da kuma samun ainihin ciyarwar kan aiki.
Wannan inji mai gallon 50 kuma yana da matukar amfani ga samfuran masana'antu lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙaramin juzu'i ko launuka na musamman kuma kusan ganga ɗaya na kowane nau'in yana buƙatar samar da su lokaci guda.
Akwai nau'ikan injunan hadawa da yawa. Biyu da aka fi amfani da su sune na'urorin haɗe-haɗe na duniya (kamar yadda aka nuna a sama) da masu tarwatsa masu saurin gudu. A duniya yana da kyau ga mafi girma danko gauraye alhãli kuwa disperser yi mafi alhẽri musamman a cikin ƙananan danko flowable tsarin. A cikin ma'ajin gini na yau da kullun, ana iya amfani da ko dai na'ura muddin mutum ya mai da hankali ga haɗa lokaci da yuwuwar samar da zafi mai saurin watsawa.
3) Cikakken ma'auni na samarwa
Ƙirƙirar ƙarshe, wanda zai iya zama tsari ko ci gaba, da fatan kawai ya sake fitar da tsari na ƙarshe daga mataki zuwa sama. Yawancin lokaci, ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan (2 ko 3 batches ko 1-2 hours na ci gaba) na kayan da aka samar da farko a cikin kayan aikin samarwa da kuma duba kafin samar da al'ada ya faru.
Gwaji-Me da Yadda ake Gwaji.
Menene
Abubuwan Jiki-Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa da Modulus
Adhesion zuwa dace substrate
Shelf Life-duka haɓaka kuma a cikin zafin jiki
Cure Rates-Fata a kan lokaci, Ɗauki lokaci kyauta, Lokacin zazzagewa da kuma Ta hanyar magani, Launuka Kwanciyar hankali ko kwanciyar hankali a cikin ruwa daban-daban kamar mai.
Bugu da ƙari, ana duba ko lura da wasu mahimman kaddarorin: daidaito, ƙananan wari, lalata da bayyanar gaba ɗaya.
Yaya
Ana fitar da takarda na sealant a bar shi ya warke har tsawon mako guda. Daga nan sai a yanke kararrawa na bebe na musamman a saka a cikin Tester Tensile don auna kaddarorin jiki kamar elongation, modulus da karfin juriya. Hakanan ana amfani da su don auna ƙarfin mannewa / haɗin kai akan samfuran da aka shirya na musamman. Sauƙaƙan e-a'a ana yin gwajin mannewa ta hanyar ja a ƙullun kayan da aka warke a kan abubuwan da ake tambaya.
Mitar Shore-A tana auna taurin roba. Wannan na'urar tana kama da nauyi da ma'auni tare da latsa ma'ana cikin samfurin da aka warke. Yayin da ma'anar ke shiga cikin roba, da laushin robar kuma yana rage darajar. Gilashin gini na al'ada zai kasance a cikin kewayon 15-35.
Fatar a tsawon lokuta, lokacin da ba a kyauta da sauran ma'aunin fata na musamman ana yin su da yatsa ko tare da zanen filastik tare da ma'auni. Ana auna lokacin kafin a iya cire robobi da tsabta.
Domin shiryayye rai, tubes na sealant suna tsufa ko dai a dakin zafin jiki (wanda ta halitta daukan 1 shekara don tabbatar da wani 1 shekara shiryayye rayuwa) ko a dagagge yanayin zafi, na yawanci 50 ℃ na 1,3,5,7 makonni da dai sauransu Bayan tsufa. tsari (bututun da aka ba da izini don kwantar da hankali a cikin yanayin da aka haɓaka), an fitar da kayan daga cikin bututu kuma an zana shi a cikin takarda inda aka yarda ya warke. Ana gwada kaddarorin jiki na roba da aka kafa a cikin waɗannan zanen gado kamar da. Ana kwatanta waɗannan kaddarorin da na sabbin kayan da aka haɗe don tantance rayuwar da ta dace.
Ana iya samun takamaiman bayani game da mafi yawan gwaje-gwajen da ake buƙata a cikin littafin ASTM.
Wasu Nasihun Ƙarshe
Silicone-bangare ɗaya sune mafi ingancin sealants da ake samu. Suna da iyaka kuma idan ana buƙatar takamaiman buƙatu ana iya haɓaka su musamman.
Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa duk albarkatun ƙasa sun bushe sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu, ƙirar ta kasance barga kuma an cire iska a cikin tsarin samarwa.
Haɓakawa da gwaji shine ainihin tsari iri ɗaya don kowane ɓangaren sitiriyo ɗaya ba tare da la'akari da nau'in ba-kawai tabbatar kun bincika duk wata kadara mai yuwuwa kafin ku fara yin adadin samarwa kuma kuna da cikakkiyar fahimtar bukatun aikace-aikacen.
Dangane da buƙatun aikace-aikacen, ana iya zaɓar madaidaicin sinadarai na magani. Alal misali, idan an zaɓi silicone da wari, lalata da mannewa ba a la'akari da mahimmanci amma ana buƙatar ƙananan farashi, to acetoxy shine hanyar da za a bi. Koyaya, idan sassan ƙarfe waɗanda zasu iya lalata suna da hannu ko ana buƙatar mannewa na musamman ga filastik a cikin wani launi mai sheki na musamman to kuna buƙatar oxime.
[1] Dale Flackett. Silicon Compounds: Silanes da Silicones [M]. Gelest Inc.: 433-439
* Hoto daga OLIVIA Silicone Sealant
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-31-2024
