Kayan silicone ba wai kawai muhimmin sashi ne na sabbin masana'antar kayan aiki na masana'antar dabarun ci gaba ta ƙasa ba, har ma da kayan tallafi masu mahimmanci ga sauran masana'antu masu tasowa na dabarun ci gaba.

Tare da ci gaba da faɗaɗa filayen aikace-aikace, babban yuwuwar buƙata ya sanya silicones ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kayan sinadarai a halin yanzu.

Mafi yawan amfani da silicone a cikin gida yana faruwa ne a fannoni kamar gini, lantarki, wutar lantarki da sabbin makamashi, kula da lafiya, da kuma kula da kai. Daga cikinsu, fannin gini a halin yanzu shine babban yanayin da ake amfani da silicone, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 30%.

Baya ga ci gaba da ƙaruwar buƙatar kayan silicone a masana'antun gargajiya, masana'antun adana makamashi da kare muhalli kamar su photovoltaics da sabbin makamashi, da kuma ci gaban masana'antu masu tasowa kamar gina grid ɗin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kayan da ake iya sawa a hannu, bugu na 3D, da 5G, duk suna samar da sabbin wuraren haɓaka buƙatu ga silicones.

Bayani game da Silicones

Silicones kalma ce ta gabaɗaya ga mahaɗan silicon na halitta, waɗanda silicon da chloromethane na ƙarfe ke haɗa su kuma suna samar da su ta hanyar hydrolyzed.

Mataki na farko wajen haɗa silicones shine a samar da methylchlorosilane, wanda daga nan ake haɗa shi da hydrolyze don samun monomethyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, da trichlorosilane. Dimethyldichlorosilane shine babban nau'in monomer na silicon na halitta, tare da manyan samfuran da ke ƙasa sune robar silicone da man silicone.

A halin yanzu, ƙarfin samar da silicones da aka ambata a China gabaɗaya yana nufin ƙarfin samar da methylchlorosilane, yayin da ƙididdigar samarwa ta yanzu duk sun dogara ne akan samar da dimethylsiloxane.

Sarkar masana'antar silicone

An raba sarkar masana'antar silicone zuwa hanyoyi guda huɗu: kayan silicone, monomers na silicone, masu tsaka-tsaki na silicone, da samfuran sarrafa silicone. Akwai ƙarancin kamfanonin samarwa don kayan masarufi, monomers, da masu tsaka-tsaki, yayin da sarrafa zurfin da ke ƙasa ya ƙunshi nau'ikan samfura iri-iri da kuma ƙarfin samarwa da aka rarraba.

Kayan da aka samar da silicone

Tsarin samar da silicones ya ƙunshi babban adadin kayan masarufi. Kayan silicone foda ne na masana'antu, wanda ake shiryawa a masana'antu ta hanyar rage quartz tare da coke a cikin tanderun lantarki.

Samar da silicone na masana'antu yana cinye ma'adinan silicone da makamashi mai yawa, kuma yana haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli mai yawa. Saboda haka, samar da kayan silicone masu inganci da kwanciyar hankali ya zama babban garantin samar da silicone.

A cewar SAGSI, a shekarar 2020, karfin samar da silicone na masana'antu a duniya ya kai tan miliyan 6.23, yayin da karfin samar da silicone na kasar Sin ya kai tan miliyan 4.82, wanda ya kai kashi 77.4%.

Silicon

Monomers na Silicone da matsakaici

Samar da monomers da intermediates na silicone a cikin gida ya kai sama da kashi 50% na jimillar duniya, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban mai samar da monomers da intermediates na silicone a duniya. Saboda rashin daidaiton yanayin monomers na silicone, kamfanoni gabaɗaya suna haɗa monomers zuwa matsakaici kamar DMC (dimethylsiloxane) ko D4 don siyarwa.

Akwai ƙananan nau'ikan da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na monomers na silicone da tsaka-tsaki.

Dimethyldichlorosilane shine monomer silicone da aka fi amfani da shi a yanzu, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 90% na jimlar adadin monomer.

Matsakaicin shiga masana'antar silicone yana da yawa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa tan 200,000 kuma yana buƙatar aƙalla yuan biliyan 1.5 na jarin jari. Babban matakin shiga masana'antu zai haɓaka yanayin tattara ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki na monomer zuwa manyan kamfanoni.

A halin yanzu, ƙananan kamfanoni ne kawai ke da isasshen tarin fasaha kuma sun cimma babban samarwa, inda sama da kashi 90% na ƙarfin samarwa ya rarrabu tsakanin manyan kamfanoni 11.

Yawan ƙarfin samar da silicone monomer yana samar da isasshen sarari na ciniki ga kamfanonin da ke ƙasa.

Dichlorodimethylsilane

Dangane da wadata, manyan kamfanonin silicone da yawa a China suna da ayyuka ko sabbin tsare-tsare da ake ci gaba da yi. Za a mayar da sabon ƙarfin samarwa a fannin samarwa daga 2022 zuwa 2023, kuma ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki na masana'antar zai shiga cikin sauri.

A cewar bayanai daga Baichuan Yingfu, kamfanoni kamar Hesheng Silicon Industry, Yunnan Energy Investment, da Dongyue Silicon Materials za su zuba jari kimanin tan miliyan 1.025 na karfin samar da silicones a wannan shekarar. Kamfanoni kamar New Special Energy, Asia Silicon Industry, da Sichuan Yongxiang suma suna zuba jari a fannin samar da silicones na polycrystalline, wanda hakan ke haifar da karuwar bukatar silicones na masana'antu.

SAGSI ta yi hasashen cewa karfin samar da silicones methyl monomers na kasar Sin zai wuce tan miliyan 6 a kowace shekara nan da shekarar 2025, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 70% na karfin samar da silicones methyl monomers na duniya.

A cewar C&EN, kamfanin silikon da ke da babban matsayi a ƙasashen waje na Momentive yana shirin rufe ƙarfin samar da silikon a Waterford, New York, wanda hakan zai sanya Dow ita kaɗai ke ƙera silikon da ke sama da ƙasa a Amurka.

An mayar da ƙarfin samar da silicone monomer na duniya zuwa China, kuma rabon yawan masana'antu zai ci gaba da inganta a nan gaba.

Tsarin sarrafa silicones

Kayayyakin silicone masu zurfi galibi suna wanzuwa a cikin nau'in kwayoyin halitta na RnSiX (4-n), kuma halayen sinadarai masu ƙarfi na sarkar silicon da bambancin ƙungiyoyi masu aiki suna ba samfuran silicone masu zurfi da ayyukan amfani masu yawa. Manyan samfuran sune robar silicone da man silicone, waɗanda ke da kashi 66% da 21% bi da bi.

A halin yanzu, masana'antar sarrafa silicone mai zurfi har yanzu tana cikin wani mataki na ci gaba cikin sauri, tare da masana'antu da ba a saba gani ba. Akwai kamfanoni sama da 3,000 da ke sarrafa silicone kawai.

Tankin Kayan Danye na Masana'antar Olivia

Tsarin samfuran silicone masu zurfi a China:

Kamfanonin silicone na ƙasashen waje ba su da fa'ida wajen samar da monomers na silicone idan aka kwatanta da kamfanonin China, kuma yawancin manyan kamfanonin silicone na ƙasashen waje suna mai da hankali kan haɓaka samfuran sarrafa abubuwa masu zurfi da faɗaɗa sarkar masana'antu.

Manufofin ƙarfafa gwiwa na China ga masana'antar silicone sun sauya daga samar da monomer zuwa sarrafa samfuran silicone mai zurfi, haɓaka sabbin samfuran silicone, faɗaɗa sabbin fannoni na aikace-aikace, da kuma inganta matakin amfani da su gaba ɗaya.

Silica

Kayayyakin silicone da ke ƙasa suna da ƙarin darajar samfura da kuma damar amfani da su a kasuwa. A halin yanzu, har yanzu akwai babban sarari don ci gaba a amfani da silicone a kasuwannin da ke tasowa a China da ƙasashen waje.

Silicone

Silicon mai siffar polycrystalline